In a perfect world, different disks. Though barring that, partitioning should help a bit if you're running off the boot drive. Remember that every single read/write to a particular partition gets put into a queue, so when you're rendering, the queue would look like: [windows thing, background app something, render, windows thing, windows thing, something else, render]...
When you request something from a separate partition, you get a separate queue. Though you're still going to be constrained by disk speed.