Having done some actual research into how microphones WORK, I'm really surprised to see that condenser microphones are so incredibly popular among the 'amateur home recorders' like we all basically are. If there's one thing I've learned from doing some research it's that a condenser microphones are massively overused by everyone for the simple reason that they don't know any better.
Hoo boy...
Condensers are always going to be optimal in "studio" recording situations unless you have so much background noise you're unable to mitigate it. There's a reason they use dynamic mics in radio and condensers in the studio and why dynamics are heavily favored in live settings. To say what we "need" as amateur recorders is pretty foolish. Strictly speaking, we don't "need" anything beyond a gaming headset. You can "get away" with a simple-a** Logitech G430 if all you're talking is what you "need". We don't "need" any of what we use. A Let's Player could use a laptop webcam and a gaming headset and record at low-res, but the point of this is to get the best end quality, right? Right?
not singing or instruments (again, those are the only proper applications for a condenser).
This is 100% incorrect. 100% absolutely wrong. Condenser mics are THE mics for studio voiceover work. You see this?
That's John DiMaggio recording voiceover work for Futurama (not singing), and that in front of him is a Neumann U87, a $3500 behemoth of a condenser microphone that's basically the industry standard and you'll find it in recording studios worldwide. Seriously, look up most voiceover guides or tutorials and there's a high chance if it's a pro setting you'll see a U87 there. Don LaFontaine (as in the movie voiceover guy) used a Manley condenser. If you're listening to studio work, there's a 99% chance there's a condenser in front of the speaker/singer/player for the simple reason that it's going to catch all the details of the voice/instrument, and because they're in sound-treated studios they don't need to worry about background noise.
If you're recording singing vocals where you need the high sensitivity of a condenser to pick up the wide range of vocal sound.
This doesn't even make sense. The "wide range" you're referring to that condensers pick up isn't in the frequencies at all, it's in the sensitivity where the little details reside. There is literally nothing in the "wide range of vocal sound" that is affected by a dynamic or condenser microphone. That's not how this works. Actually you've got it backwards because a singer is usually backed up by a bunch of instruments that would swallow up a lot of those details anyway. The same could be said for gamers playing over a hectic video game, but that's a different point entirely.
It will make recording easier because you have more freedom in microphone placement
Oh no you do not. Not even a little bit. And it makes sense as to why: they're directional. The STRENGTH of a dynamic mic is that it captures what's right in front of it and nothing else, which is why they're awesome for recording in "dirty" environments like radio booths or live settings. However, that also means that they need to be RIGHT in front of your mouth to sound right. If you're holding a dynamic mic and you move around, turn your head or whatever, the audio is going to vary like crazy. You DEFINITELY can't just stick the mic anywhere. I ran into this a lot, especially doing an LP with something like the Oculus Rift where moving around meant losing sound.
Again, this should make sense, because the nature of condensers is that they pick up everything and dynamics do not. The mic doesn't magically know that you want to hear your voice and not keystrokes when neither are what's right in front of it.
Dynamic microphones can be great. I used a Shure SM7B for a while and it sounded awesome. But I prefer the clarity of a condenser because they ARE clearer, crisper, and more open sounding. I don't know where you got this idea that condenser mics are these insane nightmares of echo and background noise, but they're not. Yes, if you're using them in a room with windows open and a dog running around then there's going to be some serious problems, but if you can stick yourself in a bedroom and hang a couple blankets on the walls you're going to be good. And guess what? I don't do any editing on my audio aside from compression to even out the dynamics. One plugin in Premiere and that's just because I go from low speech to screaming and need it evened out. No noise removal, no de-essing, no gating, nothing. Just a compressor and done.
What mic is "best" depends on everyone's situation, but the general thing is that if you are recording in a quiet room that isn't just a concrete cube, get a condenser. If you have a lot of issues with background noise and boxiness or echo, get a dynamic, because I am 100% of the belief that fixing what goes INTO the mic is better than trying to edit what comes OUT of it.
It's great that you did research, but you didn't do enough to start coming on here like you're the expert wading through a sea of amateurs telling everyone "well since I know how microphones WORK let me tell YOU a thing or two."