It's very speculative, and under every scenario the answer is different.
A 10 minute video could take 5 times as much work as a 2 minute video. At best you could double your income. But only if everyone stays for the majority of the video.
If you made 5 videos of 2 minutes each, they would be able to hold 1 add each. = 5.
If you made 1 video of 10 minutes, it can hold 2.
I would personally not try and push a video over 10 minutes, unless my channel was very big and the video would at least reach 9,5 minutes without effort. Under these circumstances I would consider adding some B-Roll, to hit the 10 minute mark.
But to answer your last question. YES - it does make a difference in potential income. Longer videos = more work = more money.